During my work with high-drive working dogs over the past couple of years, I've consistently observed a correlation between high levels of drive, and elevated levels of anxiety. It's as if anxiety is an unavoidable byproduct of breeding for drive. I never understood the why or the how of this, but recently stumbled upon something that both confirms and explains my observations;

 

Brain waves are electrical impulses that occur in the brain, measured in Hertz (Hz). Different frequency bands are associated with various cognitive states, such as:

- Delta waves (0.5-4 Hz): Deep sleep, unconsciousness, and healing
- Theta waves (4-8 Hz): Drowsiness, meditation, and increased creativity
- Alpha waves (8-12 Hz): Relaxation, closed eyes, and decreased cortical activity
- Beta waves (13-30 Hz): Focus, attention, and cognitive processing
- Gamma waves (30-100 Hz): High-level cognitive processing, attention, and working memory

High-drive dogs are bred for tasks that require intense focus, active thinking, problem-solving and concentration, all of which require higher beta and gamma wave activity.

Unfortunately beta & gamma wave dominance is also associated with stress, anxiety, cognitive load, worry and mental fatigue.

 

Cortical hyperarousal is an excessive high frequency activity that occurs when the brain's cortical regions, responsible for processing sensory information, become overactive. This leads to an exaggerated response to stimuli, making it difficult for the dog to relax, focus, or engage in calm behaviors. In this state the dog will experience hypervigilance and enhanced sensory processing, making them more reactive to normal, everyday events.

 

Dogs exhibiting chronic hyperarousal often appear constantly "on edge" and highly strung. This phenomenon is all too common in working dogs, which frequently display an incessant need for activity. Unfortunately, many trainers, owners, and handlers misinterpret this behavior as a testament to the dog's strong work ethic or "will to work." In reality, this relentless need to do something is often a coping mechanism for underlying anxiety.

 

The issue lies not with the requirement for high brain wave function in working dogs, but rather with an error of emphasis, and the intentional breeding and perpetuation of excessive drive. A balanced and healthy dog can seamlessly transition between different brain wave states as needed. However, the endless pursuit for perfection in sports has led to the promotion of extreme drive, and as a result hyper activity in the mind has become the default state for many working dogs. Extreme drive is now not only accepted as normal, but also actively sought after as a desirable trait in working dogs; the unfortunate result of a culture that prioritizes performance over a dog’s mental end emotional well-being.

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The development of psychologically healthy working dogs in breeding and training hinges on a deep and fundamental understanding of the importance of balance. Breeding for extremes, whether in the realm of conformation or performance, has consistently led to an overemphasis on specialized traits. Regrettably, this is a common modern trend, reinforced by the competitive nature of dog sports and shows.
 

In high-drive dogs, particularly those prone to anxiety, it's crucial to cultivate and strengthen alpha and theta brain waves that are responsible for peace, calm & relaxation. While it may seem counterintuitive, a calm mental state actually enhances productivity and performance by allowing dogs to better handle stress. It is a common misconception that crazy drive equates to improved working ability or performance. Working dog breeders often prioritize breeding for high drive & energy as these traits produce the neurotic, obsessive compulsive tendencies that in turn produce the fast, sharp & precise behavior that are typically rewarded in sport & competition. However, excessive levels of drive can actually hinder performance, leading to burnout and exhaustion, decreased focus and impulsivity, and increased stress and anxiety. A calm and focused dog, on the other hand, is better equipped to perform complex tasks, think critically, and respond to commands.  A calm mental state leads to reduced cortisol levels, increased prefrontal cortex activity, enhanced DMN (default mode network function), improved neuroplasticity (the brain’s ability to adapt), and better emotional regulation. In short, a calm and composed mind allows for improved performance & output, and a working dog that excel in his tasks.

 

Breeders should prioritize breeding for calmness, focus, and emotional stability, rather than solely focusing on high drive, and aim to select for dogs with balanced drive, motivation, and temperament. By recognizing the importance of balance and calmness in working dogs, breeders can shift their breeding paradigm to prioritize traits that promote overall well-being, emotional stability, and optimal performance. This approach acknowledges that a stable temperament and emotional stability are crucial for working dogs, enabling them to cope with stress, adapt to new situations, and maintain a healthy work-life balance.  By prioritizing balance and calmness, you can help mitigate the risks of anxiety and burnout associated with high-drive work.  For breeders of high-drive working dogs, it's crucial to remember that balance is paramount. Avoid prioritizing extremes, and always place the psychological health and well-being of the dog over any personal desire and need for recognition, validation, or social status.

For owners, trainers, and handlers of high-drive dogs, it's important to strike a balance between intense work and calming activities. This can be achieved by incorporating exercises that promote relaxation, such as:

- Long, slow structured walks in calming environments
- Duration exercises, such as long downs and place
- Impulse control exercises

- Tons of structure in & around the house
- Ample crate time
 

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References:

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What are Brainwaves?

https://brainworksneurotherapy.com/what-are-brainwaves/

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Hyperarousal: When Your Body’s Stress Response Goes Into Overdrive

https://neurolaunch.com/hyperarousal/

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What are Brainwaves and Why Do they Matter?

https://indyneurofeedback.com/neurofeedback/what-are-brainwaves-and-why-do-they-matter/

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